Using Xgl on SUSE Linux
目次
openSUSE 10.2
openSUSE 10.2でXglとCompizによるデスクトップ効果を利用するのは本当に簡単です。必要なパッケージは、標準でインストールされています。
3D アクセラレーション
最初に3Dアクセラレーションを使えるようにします。ATIのビデオカードのいくつかは、オープンソースのRadeonドライバーがサポートしていますが、多くの場合、ATIやNVIDIAのプロプライエタリなドライバーが必要です。NVIDIAの場合はこちらを、ATIの場合はこちらを見て下さい。
標準のプラグインのみでXglとCompizを利用可能な状態にする
| KDEとGNOMEで共通の作業です |
ルート権限下で、次のコマンドを実行して下さい。
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gnome-xgl-switch --enable-xgl |
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コンピューターを再起動すると、CompizとXglを利用できるようになっています。標準のプラグインしか導入していないなら、人気の、ゆらゆらと揺れるウィンドウの効果は含まれていません。
選りすぐりのプラグインと共にXglとCompizを導入する
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KDE デスクトップ環境を使っている場合:
compiz <plugins to load> & gtk-window-decorator & 多くのプラグインがありますが、注意が必要です。と言うのも、それらの中には、互いに依存していたり、ロードする順序も重要だったりするからです。 利用可能なプラグインの一覧を、動作に適切な順で示します。 dbus decoration minimize place wobbly fade plane cube rotate switcher move resize screenshot scale zoom water 最後に、ファイルを実行可能にします(右クリック -> Properties -> Permissions の順です(選択肢の名前は英語の場合))。これで、KDEが起動している間にこのファイルが実行されるようになり、いつもXglが利用できるようになります。 |
上記の手順を、opensuse-xgl-settingsと言う、外部のグラフィカルなツールで自動化できます。多分、試してみたくなりますよ。
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GNOMEデスクトップ環境を使っている場合: ただ今作成中につき、しばらくお待ち下さい・・・。 |
XglとCompizを無効にする
再び、XglとCompizを無効にするためには、次のコマンドを実行します。
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gnome-xgl-switch --disable-xgl |
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XglとCompizの新しいパッケージ
XglとCompizの最新のパッケージをパッケージマネージャーで簡単にインストールするためには、以下のリポジトリをパッケージリポジトリに追加しておくのが良いです。
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バージョン: 10.2
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http://software.opensuse.org/download/X11:/XGL/openSUSE_10.2/ |
SUSE Linux 10.1
We have tried to make Xgl/Compiz installation and configuration relatively easy on SUSE Linux 10.1 and SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 10 (at least when compared to using Xgl on older versions of SUSE Linux). However, the software is still very young, and rough around the edges. This page explains what is involved in setting up Xgl on SUSE Linux, and a few of the problems you might encounter while doing so.
Getting the Latest Packages
There have already been several important updates to the Xgl packages since SUSE 10.1 was released, and even a few bug fixes since the release of SLED 10. Use YaST2 or the Software Updater tool to make sure you have the latest compiz, xgl, xgl-hardware-list, gnome-session and libwnck packages.
A fork of compiz, known as beryl, and its configuration tools is available at beryl-project.org. SUSE packages for Factory tree as well as SUSE LINUX 10.1 are available by the openSUSE buildservice. A straight forward tutorial on how to install the latest beryl packages is also available.
In the buildservice you can also find beta compiz packages and third-party plugins backported from beryl. These are not included in the standard SUSE packages (and therefore they may also have bugs that don't exist there).
If you want to use beryl, or try out compiz on AIGLX running openSUSE10.2, you also should add the latest xorg7.2 packages from buildservice.
Setup
(While most of what is described below will still work with openSUSE 10.2, a much simpler method of getting a basic KDE/XGL/Compiz setup running is described in the official openSUSE 10.2 documentation)
Xgl is not activated automatically when you install it. To turn it on, run the "Desktop Effects" control panel. (Available from the Control Center in GNOME, or by running the command "gnome-xgl-settings" from a terminal or the Run dialog in KDE.)
The Desktop Effects tool will analyze your system and attempt to determine whether or not you can run Xgl. If it finds anything wrong, it will advise you on what actions can be taken.
Note: "gnome-xgl-settings" is part of "compiz-gnome" package.
Supported and Unsupported Video Cards
Novell has tested a variety of popular video cards and embedded video chipsets from ATI, Intel, and NVIDIA to find out which ones work well with Xgl. The Desktop Effects tool will tell you one of four things:
- Your graphics card is supported.
- Xgl should work fine.
- Your graphics card will not work with Xgl.
- The Desktop Effects tool will not let you enable Xgl if you have a card that either (a) has no support for 3D acceleration, or (b) is known to cause Xgl to crash or garble the contents of the screen while performing basic operations.
- Your graphics card is not supported, but may work.
- The card isn't completely useless with Xgl, but either (a) it's annoyingly slow, or (b) you may experience crashes or garbled graphics when doing "tricky" operations (eg, spinning the cube while playing full-screen video).
- Your graphics card is not in Xgl's database.
- The Desktop Effects tool will still do its best to help you configure Xgl, but you may or may not be successful. We are continuing to test new cards and will be releasing updated versions of the xgl-hardware-list package as we gather more information.
In some cases, the problems with certain cards may turn out to be due to bugs in Xgl, or bugs in the video drivers, so if you are having problems, make sure you have the latest versions of all the relevant packages.
3D Acceleration
The next piece of information the Desktop Effects tool provides is whether or not 3D acceleration is enabled on your card. With some cards, this will be enabled automatically. With others, you will need to take special action; the Desktop Effects tool will do its best to help you here.
Enabling 3D Acceleration with Intel chipsets
On supported Intel chipsets, enabling 3D acceleration is just a matter of checking a box in SaX2. If Desktop Effects finds that you don't have 3D acceleration enabled, it will offer to run SaX2 to let you fix it. In the original release of SUSE 10.1, clicking the "Run SaX2" button will actually send you to SaX2, and you have to check the correct button (at the bottom of the page) yourself and click OK. With more recent packages, the "Run SaX2" button will make the change for you using libsax.
Enabling 3D Acceleration with ATI or NVIDIA cards
All supported ATI and NVIDIA cards require proprietary video drivers written by the manufacturers in order to support 3D Acceleration. If the Desktop Effects tool sees that you don't have the drivers installed, it will offer to run the Software Update tool to install them for you.
On SLED10, this should work if you registered with Novell during the installation. If you did not register then, you can do it now by using the "Novell Customer Center Configuration" tool in YaST. This will add the ATI and NVIDIA driver repositories to your YaST/ZMD installation sources list, so that the Desktop Effects tool will be able to find the packages it needs.
On SUSE 10.1, the easiest thing to do is to just install the drivers by hand before running Desktop Effects. You can find ATI drivers at http://www.ati.com and NVIDIA drivers at ftp://download.nvidia.com/novell/. (Alternate instructions for installing the binary drivers by hand can be found at http://www.suse.de/~sndirsch/.)
If you have an ATI card, several options must be set in your /etc/X11/xorg.conf in order for Xgl to work reliably. The version of the Desktop Effects tool that shipped with SUSE 10.1 will not make these changes itself; This is one of the reasons you should install the Factory Distribution compiz package before trying to use Xgl. The Using Xgl on older versions of SUSE Linux page has details on the changes that need to be made if you can't install the Factory packages. Some help for setting up ATI-card can be found at http://en.opensuse.org/Howto/ATI_Driver
Enabling 3D Acceleration with other cards
If the Desktop Effects tool doesn't recognize your video card, it might think that 3D Acceleration is disabled even though you know it's really enabled. Since Desktop Effects won't let you enable Xgl unless it thinks 3D Acceleration is enabled, this can be a problem.
To override the autodetected setting for 3D Acceleration, hold down the Shift key and then double-click on the word "Disabled" next to "3D Acceleration". Only do this if you are certain that 3D Acceleration is enabled on your machine. (For the record, you can also do this to change its idea of whether or not your video card is supported, but that's even less recommended.)
Enabling and Disabling Xgl
If you have a supported (or at least, "usable") video card, and have managed to enable 3D Acceleration, then button at the bottom will read "Enable Desktop Effects". Clicking this button will (after asking for the root password), configure your machine to use Xgl, and then log you out so it can restart the X server.
If you later decide that you no longer want to use Xgl, you can come back to the Desktop Effects tool and disable it, which will reverse the process.
If you try to enable Xgl, but the login screen doesn't come back up successfully for some reason, you can use the command gnome-xgl-switch --disable-xgl as root to disable Xgl from the command line. (You will probably also need to do rcxdm restart to restart X and the login screen.)
Using and Configuring Compiz
Compiz is the window manager and compositing manager for Xgl that provides all of the visual effects associated with Xgl.
Using Compiz with the GNOME desktop
If you were previously using metacity as your window manager in GNOME (the default setting), you will automatically be switched to compiz when you log in after enabling Xgl. Compiz defaults to using most of the same keybindings and mouse bindings as metacity for operations like "move window", "maximize", etc. If you have changed your metacity keybindings in the "Shortcuts" control panel, you will need to go back and change them again for compiz. Likewise, if you have made changes in the "Windows" control panel (eg, to enable "sloppy focus"), you will need to make those changes again.
Using Compiz with the KDE desktop
Manual method
default Packages
First, make sure you are logged into KDE just like normal. Right click on the Panel. Select "Configure Panel", then "Taskbar". Make sure "Show windows from all desktops" is checked. (Currently this is required for proper functioning of the taskbar under Compiz.)
Now you need to create two files that will let KDE know that you want another window manager (compiz) instead of the default kwin. Open the kate editor as root: KDE Launch (green SUSE logo), Run Command: kdesu kate (you will be prompted for the root password). Copy and paste the following into a new text document:
/usr/bin/compiz gconf & /usr/bin/gtk-window-decorator &
Note: "gnome-window-decorator" has been replaced by "gtk-window-decorator" since openSUSE 10.2.
Save it to /usr/local/bin with the name compiz.sh This file needs to be given execute permissions. That can be done this way: KDE Launch, System, File Manager, File Manager - Super User Mode (you will be promted for the root password). Go to /usr/local/bin, right-click on compiz.sh, choose Properties, Permissions tab, check [x] Is Executable.
One more file is needed: create it following the same procedure as for compiz.sh , but save this one in /opt/kde3/env with the name kdewm.sh and copy and paste this line in it:
export KDEWM=/usr/local/bin/compiz.sh
You also need to make this file executable, in the same way as for compiz.sh. This will instruct KDE to run compiz.sh instead of kwin. Once this is done, log out of KDE and log back in. You should have functioning Xgl on your shiny new K Desktop Environment.
Configuring Compiz
The Desktop Effects tool which is used for enabling and disable Xgl can also be used to configure compiz options. Start it up as before (via the GNOME Control Center or the command line), and look at the options under the "Window Effects", "Desktop Cube", and "Other Features" tabs. For example, you can turn wobbly windows on or off, change the number of virtual desktops available on the desktop "cube", and control which corner of the screen (if any) activates the window picker.
As mentioned above, some keybindings and window management settings are configured via the GNOME "Shortcuts" and "Windows" control panels instead.
Some of the more obscure (or more recently-added) compiz options are not configurable from the Desktop Effects tool.
Older Compiz releases used Gconf, but Compiz-Quinn CVS packages available from HERE use 'csm' to configure Compiz itself, and 'gcompizthemer' to theme and style windows. Some minimal documentation is available there (and in the Compiz page in this wiki) describing what the different options mean.
Running 'compiz-manager' will give you a nice system tray icon to launch the various config tools.
Troubleshooting
Nvidia: Cursor flickers or leaves artifact trails
If you have an Nvidia card (tested with 6600GT), and your mouse cursor is flickering, you need to set the HWCursor option to "On" in your /etc/X11/xorg.conf, under the [Screen] header.
In OpenSUSE 10.1 the /etc/X11/xorg.conf file is read only and autogenerated, thus editing it not possible. However using YAST you may right click to enable driver options and enter values where possible. When an option is highlighted it is selected. Then save the configuration. You may find setting the HWCursor option on does not solve the problem, rather selecting the SWCursor eliminates the flickering. Try the option which works.
White screen/cube
If you are only seeing a white screen after logging in, chances are you are using a Xgl server version that was built with different libraries than the window manager (see here for more information). A Xgl version that works with openSUSE 10.2 is cvs_060522-39.
But it would be best to use the latest version of Xgl (and of whole xorg7.2) from http://software.opensuse.org/download/xorg72/openSUSE_10.2/
No more Xinerama support
If you had a working Xinerama-setup (one large desktop on two monitors) with xorg7.2 and it does not work anymore with Xgl, then look at this bugzilla-entry: https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=233112
you should add +xinerama to the Xgl-start-options or install a newer xgl package.
KDE Users
If you choose KDE as the default desktop during your installation of SUSE Linux 10.1 you may have some problems. The just before the logon manager is about to start you get dumped back to the first console. dmesg tells you "X server startup timeout, terminating". If you have both gnome and kde installed, edit your /etc/sysconfig/displaymanager and set the DISPLAYMANAGER="gdm".
関連ページ
外部リンク
Visit #Xgl at irc.freenode.org for more support.